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Metalwork and stonework
<Metal and Stone>
短刀
Tanto


短刀(たんとう)は、長さ一尺(約30.3cm)以下の刀の総称です。刀身の長さが一尺を超えるが短刀の様式を持つものは、特に「寸延短刀(すんのびたんとう)」とも呼ばれています。
短刀には用途や差し方、拵えから様々な種類が含まれ、用途から刺刀(さすが)、差し方から懐刀・腰刀(こしがたな)、拵えの形状から鞘巻(さやまき)・合口または匕首(共にあいくちと読む。後者は中国語に由来)ともいいます。合口と呼ばれるように、鍔をつけない。この点が、後世の脇差(打刀の大小拵えの小刀)と異なります。
A short single or double edged blade, typically 15-30cm, the tanto was most often worn by samurai in a short-long sword pair (paired with a tachi blade). The tanto was primarily used to stab, with some particularly thick iterations capable of piercing armour. The advent of the katana is generally regarded for the demise of the tanto’s widespread popularity as the wakizashi was more often chosen as the katana’s short sword companion. During the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate declared that all samurai must wear the katana-wakizashi pair. Production of tanto increased significantly with the restoration of the Emperor during the Meiji period, however, restrictions of sword production post-WWII reversed this uptick and production, again, drastically fell. The traditional Japanese tanto should not be confused with the western iteration which instead of a curved tip, features a tip squared at a shearing angle.
